Equalities (all values are approximate unless specified as e…
Equalities (all values are approximate unless specified as exact) Length 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) (Exact) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft) (Exact) 1 mile (mi) = 5,280 feet (ft) (Exact) Mass (Weight) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) (Exact) 1 ton (T) = 2,000 pounds (lb) (Exact) Volume 1 cup (c) = 8 fluid ounces (fl oz) (Exact) 1 pint (pt) = 2 cups (c) (Exact) 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt) (Exact) 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) (Exact) Length 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm) (Exact 1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 meters (m) (Exact) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 meters (m) (Exact) 1 mile (mi) ≈ 1.6093 kilometers (km) Mass 1 ounce (oz) ≈ 28.35 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) ≈ 0.4536 kilograms (kg) Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa 1 atm = 760 torr 1 atm = 760 mmHg 1 atm = 14.6959 psi Volume 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) ≈ 29.57 mL 1 quart (qt) ≈ 0.9464 L 1 gallon (gal) ≈ 3.785 L Temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 (exact by definition) Celsius to Fahrenheit: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 (exact by definition) Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C +273.15 Fundamental Constants Avogadro’s Number (mole) = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 Ideal Gas Constant (R): R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol⋅K R=8.314 J/mol⋅K Planck’s Constant (h): h = 6.626 × 10−34 J⋅s Speed of Light (c): c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s Faraday Constant (F): F= 96,485 C/mol e− Physical Equations Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT Energy of a Photon: E = hv Mass-Energy Equivalence: E = mc2 Electrochemical Charge: Q = nF