Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition associated wit…
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition associated with dental plaque that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants and is characterized by the gradual destruction of the bone and soft tissues that support the implant. The following questions are related to a study by Chandrashekar et al. ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66353-x) that evaluated the effects of dental cements in a per-implant rat model. A. (.75 pts) One important function of dental cement is to fix dental implants to teeth, which contain a very specialized extracellular matrix. First, briefly describe the what the ECM is, what it’s composed of, and at least one important function of the ECM you think is important for teeth. B. (1 pts) In order to study peri-implantitis, this group first performed a scratch assay where they scratched fibroblasts cultured on a bio-ceramic cement (BC) or zinc phosphate (ZP) cement and then looked at the number of cells within the scratched surface after 48 hours in 2.5% or 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum – an additive for cell culture media that contains necessary growth factors). After 24 hours, the cells were fixed and stained for histology. All 10% FBS groups were completely covered at 48 hours, so comparisons were drawn with 2.5% FBS to better detect differences in surfaces. Briefly summarize the findings of this scratch assay, then give a recommendation of BC or ZP cements for further analysis based on the results and describe why. This study then evaluated the biological impact of dental cements in a rat jaw model. Rats were distributed into 4 groups with either a soft diet (SD) (top row) or hard diet(HD) (bottom row): negative control (NC) where titanium implants were inserted but didn’t undergo any further surgery; Titanium implants were inserted and then allowed to heal for 14 days before a re-entry surgery (to simulate clinical cementation) where a sham surgery was performed (to access the site using the same surgical technique but no cement was inserted), the bio-ceramic Cement (BC) was applied, or a positive control (PC) where silk ligature was placed to simulate a form of peri-implantitis. At 14 days post cement/sham/ligature application, the jawbones were harvested for histological evaluation. The images after H&E staining are shown and quantified in the figure below where * indicates significant differences between groups (p
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition associated wit…
Questions
Peri-implаntitis is аn inflаmmatоry cоnditiоn associated with dental plaque that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants and is characterized by the gradual destruction of the bone and soft tissues that support the implant. The following questions are related to a study by Chandrashekar et al. ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66353-x) that evaluated the effects of dental cements in a per-implant rat model. A. (.75 pts) One important function of dental cement is to fix dental implants to teeth, which contain a very specialized extracellular matrix. First, briefly describe the what the ECM is, what it’s composed of, and at least one important function of the ECM you think is important for teeth. B. (1 pts) In order to study peri-implantitis, this group first performed a scratch assay where they scratched fibroblasts cultured on a bio-ceramic cement (BC) or zinc phosphate (ZP) cement and then looked at the number of cells within the scratched surface after 48 hours in 2.5% or 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum – an additive for cell culture media that contains necessary growth factors). After 24 hours, the cells were fixed and stained for histology. All 10% FBS groups were completely covered at 48 hours, so comparisons were drawn with 2.5% FBS to better detect differences in surfaces. Briefly summarize the findings of this scratch assay, then give a recommendation of BC or ZP cements for further analysis based on the results and describe why. This study then evaluated the biological impact of dental cements in a rat jaw model. Rats were distributed into 4 groups with either a soft diet (SD) (top row) or hard diet(HD) (bottom row): negative control (NC) where titanium implants were inserted but didn’t undergo any further surgery; Titanium implants were inserted and then allowed to heal for 14 days before a re-entry surgery (to simulate clinical cementation) where a sham surgery was performed (to access the site using the same surgical technique but no cement was inserted), the bio-ceramic Cement (BC) was applied, or a positive control (PC) where silk ligature was placed to simulate a form of peri-implantitis. At 14 days post cement/sham/ligature application, the jawbones were harvested for histological evaluation. The images after H&E staining are shown and quantified in the figure below where * indicates significant differences between groups (p
Adаm аnd Bill entered а preschооl with guns intending tо kidnap children on behalf of human traffickers who were willing to pay a substantial sum for children meeting a particular physical description. Upon entry they identified two such children and, to facilitate the abduction, they bound and gagged the preschool workers at gun point. Each then grabbed a child, placed them in their nearby van where their getaway driver was waiting with the engine running. They entered the van which then fled. An alert mother, on her way to pick up her child, observed the abduction, called police and provided a detailed description of the van and kidnappers. Police quickly located the van, arrested Adam and Bill, and returned the two children safely to their parents. The getaway driver … got away. After transporting Adam and Bill to the police station for questioning, police separated Adam and Bill and placed them in different interview rooms. Adam was read his Miranda rights verbatim from a note card. Adam then said, “I’m not talking to you guys.” No further questions were asked. Adam was then placed in a holding cell with an undercover officer who pretended to be an arrestee. The undercover officer engaged Adam in conversation and asked Adam why he was arrested. Adam responded that he was arrested for kidnapping. The undercover officer said, “I hope you didn’t talk to the cops.” Adam said, “Nope, I’m not going to give them any more than they already have.” The undercover officer asked what they already had. Adam said, “Pretty much everything but the guns – we stashed them; they won’t find them.” Meanwhile, a detective recited Miranda warnings to Bill, but from memory. He did not cite it exactly. Instead of saying, “You have the right to an attorney before and during any questioning” the detective inadvertently said, “You have the right to talk to a lawyer anytime before answering any questions and you can invoke that right at any time.” Def responded, “Maybe I should talk to a lawyer.” The detective asked, do you want a lawyer? If so, this conversation must end.” Defendant then said, “No, I don’t want a lawyer.” Bill then gave a (nearly) full confession but declined to admit they were armed with guns. Bill was then placed in a holding cell with an inmate who was an agent of police (unbeknownst to Bill). Bill told the inmate all about the crime, except the guns and where they were hidden. The inmate warned Bill that kidnapping children is frowned upon by the other inmates and when they find out, Bill’s life would be in jeopardy. The inmate then told Bill that he pretty much ran the jail from the inside and could protect Bill from the other inmates, but that Bill had to be complete honest with him. He then said, “I don’t think you’re being honest about whether you used guns – you and your partner committed a very dangerous crime without guns. Why would the preschool adults just hand over kids? If you want my protection, you gotta come clean – show me that you trust me.” Bill then admitted they used guns and told the inmate where the guns were hidden. Approximately 2 years later, the getaway driver feeling remorse for his role in the crime, approached a random uniformed police officer on the street and confessed, in detail, to his role in the crime. The officer then handcuffed and arrested the getaway driver. Each of the above statements were made prior to the filings of charges, arraignments, or any appearances before a magistrate. Directions: Pursuant to 5th Amendment Jurisprudence, discuss the likely admissibility of the statements made by Adam, Bill and the Getaway Driver.
Sаndy chаrters her fishing bоаt at a $1,000 daily rate. The fee includes the use оf the chartered bоat (that is exceptionally seaworthy) as well as fishing tackle and bait. On June 1, Tina agreed with Sandy to charter the boat on June 15 for $1,000. Tina paid an advance deposit of $250 and signed an agreement that Sandy could retain the deposit as liquidated damages in the event that Tina canceled or failed to appear. On June 15 at 1 a.m., the Coast Guard issued “heavy weather” warnings and prohibited all small vessels the size of Sandy’s boat from leaving the harbor. This prohibition remained in effect throughout the day. Tina did not appear on June 15, because she had heard the weather warnings.Which of the following is an accurate statement?